5-30-09

bhasoba - watch out!
kulula - it easy

ubuso = face (ebusweni - in the face)

kubuhlungu = it is painful

-sa- negative = no longer
positive = (still)

inkomo is sexless.
inkomazi is cow (female)

wakhe wakhahlewa yinkomo wena? = Have you ever been kicked by a cow?

wakhe wa...= have you ever?

(verb)-wa = passive

ngakhe nga= One time I ...
zange = I never

abantu bapethwe umkuhlane wezingulube! - people are suffering from swine flu.

kuyafiwa - (lit. there is being died, death around here, its gonna be dying) people are having fun.

ungathi/sengathi = it looks as if ...

4-29-09

Family Names
married woman called ma-(last name/family name)

Zuma --> umsholozi

we'Muzi = Hey, Muzi

ibhekile - tin can pitcher with a handle used by Xhosas for sharing beer.
(Zulus use a gourd)

communal eating important in Zulu and Xhosa cultures
umcimbi (cultural ceremony)


umqombothi - african beer made from corn and amabele (sorghum flour)

amabele (high -be- is breast, low -be- and -le- syllables is sorghum flour)

notes 4-21-09

Ukudla
pg. 23

ngokudla (by eating)

ukwenza amagwinya (cooking fat cakes)

udinga- you need
guqula (turn over)
synonym is 'phendula' (not meaning 'answer' in this case)

jwayela – used to , accustomed to

lingacela - I requested

hlisa – lower

akuphoqelekile – you don't have to do it

uma u-oyela ishisa kakhulu hlisa umlilo - when the oil is really hot, lower the heat (lit. fire)

igwinya, amagwinya.

notes from 4-9-09

Ayikho inkinga = no problem

noMuzi ulele, wakhohlwa iklasi izolo = Muzi forgot class yesterday.
(wakholwa means "he believed")

Ibhasi belibambekile emgwaqweni, ngoba izimoto beziningi.= the bus was held up on the road because there were lots of cars

words for busy = -bambekile (held up)
ngixinekile
matasatasa

The -Be tense
be- is the was/were tense (past progressive)
use with stative verbs

action verbs more important to specify between be tense and past perfect (-e, -ile)

first person – bengi-
second person – wena bewu-
third person - ubu
class 1 - u- comes before be- umuntu ubegeza
ckass 9 – inja beyikhonkotha (-khonkotha is to bark)
10 – izinja bezikhonkotha

igama belikhuluma

mnandi = nice

Halala ngosuku lwakho lokuzalwa

benginomsebenzi – I had work, I was having work
there is no past perfect tense with na-

ngizoba nomsebenzi = I will have work

sizoba bahle
ba is like to be with the future, used with have and adjectives in the future.

sizoba bahle = we will be beautiful
ngizoba muhle. = I will be good

Ukuvilapa - to be lazy
ivila – lazy person

synonyms
wash -geza, -washa, -hlamba*
clean -hlanza,

*hlamba also means the same thing as bhukuda, to swim

isigebengu = giant or robber

Umsebenzi 4 HW
2. Yebo, Ubhut'Sipho ubeshayela imoto.
Cha, ubengashayeli imoto
3. Yebo, Umalume uJames ubepheka
Cha, Umalume uJames ubengapheki.
4. Yebo, Uzweli noVusi bebekhuluma isiPutukezi
Cha, bebengakhulumi isiPutukezi
5. Yebo, Izingane bezibhala.
Cha, izingane bezingabhali
6. Yebo, Imindeni beyicula.
Cha, imindeni beyingaculi.


Negative past prefect (-e or -ile)
starts with a ends with nga

abafundi bakhulumile
abafundi abakhulumanga

when you negate the third person you use the AK

izicathula zidulile
azidulanga = they are not expensive

ukhozi lundizile / alundizanga (The eagle flew/ did not fly)

ukhozi belundiza = the eagle was flying
ukhozi belungandizi = the eagle

anginayo = I don't have it

3-19-09

meat of chicken = inyama yenkukhu
...beef = inyama yenkomo
...pork = ... yengulube (from ingulube)
...muttom = ... yemvu (from imvu)

isibhedlela iDora Nginza siseZwide eBhayi = Dora Nginza hospital is in Zwide in Ibhayi

location words: (used with kwe-)
emva = behind
phansi = under, down
phezu = on top of, up
phezulu = above, "up there in..."

inyakatho - the North
iningizimu - the South

iCanada isenyakatho kweMelika
iNyakatho Melika = North America

antonyms:
-vula = open
-vala = close

-kwa = of in the context of location - locative preposition
with u-nouns, kwa- becomes ko- because kwo- is not allowed
"w" and "o" are rounded sounds, and cannot be combined.

3-18-09

Nginezinkinga namhlanje
inkinga, izinkinga = problem

1) isikhiye seklasi asikho = the key to the class is gone
sikukhanuisile = it is with khanyisile

izicathulo zikuMuzi = the shoes are with Muzi
izicathulo zisesitolo =


-ku- = with
-se- = at

ayikho inkinga --> ayikh'inkinga = no problem

umkhulane = fever, cold, flew
bengigula, ngiphetwe

bengisheleleza (sheleleza = slip, slide)eqhweni = I was skiing

Besibane = there were 4 of us.
Bebenane = there were four of them

Besibaningi - there were many of us

ngedwa = I am alone
wedwa = you are alone

nxese = sorry (empathetic)

unani? = what do you have?

-phetwhe = is/am pained
with y- for nouns with i-
nge for others

ngiqinisile - I am serious, telling the the truth.
ungadlali ngami - you shouldn't play with me

mhlawumbe/mhlawumpeni = maybe

ngiya ukuthenga --> ngiyothenga = I am going to buy

ngubani vs. ngobani (who vs. why)

Umsebenzi 1 due tomorrow

3-4-09

Ungangeni/ Mus'ukungena
Ngobani?
Ngoba ngixiekile
puphuthmile
yebo, ungangena (uma kuphuthumile)
Uzamla njalo ngoba uyozela
Ngiqunu - I am naked = angigqoqile (Ndihamba ze! in Xhosa)
Gqoka ngokuShesha - Get dressed quickly!

ukufa = death (no pl. form)

ku- vs. li-
li- refers to the weather
ku- is non-referent, generally it

unjani vs. kunjani

sgudi snaysi

isu = icebo = plan
cupha trap
gnizomcupha - I will trap him

izikwelete
intomba

imbungulu - bedbug
khula - grow up
sigcine, singamoshi = you (all) should save, don't waste (imperative subjunctive)
-gcina, -onga = save, keep
-mosha, -chitha = waste

chwechwa - tip toe
cwecwa = peel